Interpreting statistics

Interpreting statistics or graphically presented data also requires critical thinking. It is worth thinking through the following key questions – Who, What, How and Why:

Who?

• Who compiled the statistics?
• Who will make use of these statistics? Who may benefit from this data?

What?

• What units of measurement are used?
• What variables or categories are used?
• What is being shown in the statistics?
• What decisions (or even assumptions) may underpin the questions asked, the statistical processes used, and the analysis provided?

How?

• How big was the survey? For example, in a small group, very small actual differences or changes can appear very significant when presented as a percentage.
• How was the data collected?
• How was the data analysed? (What tests were used?)
• How are axes on any graphs labelled?
• How do the statistics relate to the text? Do the statistics support what is being said about them?

Why?

• Why have these statistics been produced? What was their purpose; how have they been used?

Presentation of statistics - visual communication and meaning

You may want to consider whether the selection and presentation of the data could be conveying hidden messages or cultural associations

• Use of colours - some colours may help emphasise certain aspects of the data, making them physically stand out or may convey an implicit message of relative importance
• Use of graphs, tables, pie-charts and other visual forms of data presentation – which materials are given greatest emphasis?