Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus)

Type location Europe (Formica caespitum, Linnaeus, 1758: 581, worker; Latreille, 1798: 50, queen & male; Mayr, 1861: 62, queen & male) - no images on Antweb (August 2015)
junior synonyms
fusca (Formica fusca, Leach, 1825: 290, queen & male; synonymy Dalla Torre, 1893: 132) from France - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
fuscula (Formica fuscula, Nylander, 1846a: 935, illustrated, all forms; synonymy F Smith, 1851: 118) from Finland - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
hammi (Donisthorpe, 1915d: 178, worker; synonymy Bolton, 1995: 408) from Gt Britain - see below
himalayanum (Viehmeyer, 1914c: 38, all forms; synonymy Radchenko, 1992b: 50) from India - see http://www.antweb.org/specimenImages.do?code=casent0904814
immigrans (Santschi, 1927a: 54, worker; synonymy, Bolton, 1979: 171) from Chile - see http://www.antweb.org/specimenImages.do?code=casent0913997
indocile (Santschi, 1927a: 53, all forms; synonymy, Radchenko, 1992: 50) from Turkestan - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
modesta (Foerster, 1850a: 49, worker; synonymy Curtis, 1854: 215; Mayr, 1855: 246) from Germany - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
transbaicanense (Ruszky, 1936: 93 [unavailable], worker; synonymy Radchenko, 1992b: 50 - in Russian) from Turkestan - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
transversinodis (J Enzmann, 1946b: 47, illustrated, worker; synonymy Brown, 1949a: 47 [unavailable]) from USA - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
subspecies
alternans (Santschi, 1929e: 150, worker) from Morocco - see https://www.antweb.org/specimen.do?code=casent0913999
barabense (Ruzsky, 1925a: 288, worker) from Russia - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
caespitomoravicum (Kratochvil, in Novak & Sadil, 1941: 86, in key) from Slovakia - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
flavidulum (T. caespitum caespitum L. var. flavidula n. Emery, 1909d: 702; Emery, 1922f: 276, worker) from Turkey, Mersina, Asia Minor - see below.
japonicum (Röszler, 1936a: 121, worker & queen) from Japan - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
oxyomma (Karaviaev, 1912a: 13, all forms) from Algeria - now under Tetramorium biskrensis - see https://www.antweb.org/specimenImages.do?name=casent0915000
pallidum (Stitz, 1934: 2, worker) from China - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
penninum (Santschi, 1927a: 54, worker) from Switzerland - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
rhodium (T. caespitum ssp caespitum var rhodia, Emery, 1915h: 3, worker; Emery, 1922f: 277) from Greece; raised to species Csosz, Radchenko & Schulz (2007) - see http://www.antweb.org/specimenImages.do?code=casent0904812
typicum (Ruzsky, 1902c: 14, all forms) from Turkestan - no images on Antweb (September 2015)
HNS 3622: Santschi, F. 1927. A propos du Tetramorium caespitum L. Fol. Myrmecol. Termitol. 1, 53-58.
Unavailable names
fusciclava (T. caespitum caespitum var. fusciclava n., Emery, 1925c: 187, worker) Italy, Rimini, C. Emery - see below.

Linnaeus's (1758) description is at . Emery (1925) gave an analysis of the then known forms of T. caespitum, this is at . Perusal of that shows a confused mess of the many forms and I am not attempting any analysis, simply giving the examples below of specimens of T. caespitum s.l.  and flavidulum as collected in Iran.

The photomontage of a syntype of fusciclava, synonymized in Bolton (1995: 408), is collated from http://www.antweb.org/specimen.do?name=casent0904802.

The photomontage of a syntype of hammi, synonymized in Bolton (1995: 408), is collated from http://www.antweb.org/specimen.do?name=casent0901252.

The photomontage of the lectotype of flavidula, synonymized in Bolton (1995: 408), is collated from http://www.antweb.org/specimen.do?name=casent0904803.

Bolton (1979: 171) gave a short illustrated description from North American specimens; this is at .

The photomontage is of a specimen from Iran, Gonbad, collector Omid Paknia (ZMGU 1354). Apart from the darker colour, this appears very similar, including in size to the fusciclava above, which Emery, merely describing it as a variety, probably thought was very close to the type form.

The photomontage is of a second slightly smaller worker from Iran, collector Paknia (ZMGU 545).

The photomontage is of a worker from Iran, Mahneshan, collector S Moradloo (17).

The photomontage is of a flavidulum worker from Iran, Bijar Protected area, collector M Safariyan (20).