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Convection and Tilting
One interest of our group is the behaviour
of grains vibrated within a fluid. Even though it has been known since the
time of Faraday that the presence of a fluid may lead to heaping and piling,
a full explanation is still lacking. We are investigating the mechanisms
for this effect both in experiment and in simulation.
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Faraday tilting of a water immersed bronze grains under vertical vibration.
The system breaks symmetry by forming a tilt. It exhibits a major convection
role with movement down the upper slope and return movement involving most
of the bulk.
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Simulations of a vertically vibrated water
immersed bronze bed showing both Faraday tilting and granular convection
with one dominant role. A complete mpeg file showing the motion can be downloaded
here. The simulations highlight the important
role of horizontal fluid motion during parts of the vibration cycle.
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Further information can be found in the following papers:
- ``The Stability of Granular Surfaces under Horizontal
and Vertical Vibration'', A. Routledge, P. J. King, M. R. Swift and K.
A. Benedict, pp. 529-532 in Powders and Grains 2001 edited by Y. Kishino
(Balkema, Netherlands, 2001).
- ``Surface Stability
of Granular Systems under Horizontal and Vertical Vibration'', P. J.
King, M. R. Swift, K. A. Benedict and A. Routledge, Physical Review E,
62, pp. 6982-6988 (2000).
- ``The Faraday Tilting of Water-immersed Granular Beds'',
R. J. Milburn, M. A. Naylor, A. Smith, M. C. Leaper, K. Good, M. R. Swift
and P. J. King, Physical Review E, 71, 011308
(2005).
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