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This article, published in Tropical Medicine & International Health, describes the results of two years of surveillance for Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease in Cambodian children aged 15 years and under at six sentinel meningoencephalitis surveillance sites. Cases were lab-confirmed as JE through testing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples by ELISA. JE comprised 19 percent of all meningoencephalitis cases, striking year-round at children aged 12 years and younger in 95 percent of the cases.