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<FONT COLOR="#00B0F0"><SMALL><I><B> © copyright 1999 Philip Moriarty, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham </B></I></SMALL></FONT><BR>
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<!-- Introduction -->
<img src="array2b.gif" alt="array" border="0" hspace="10" vspace="10" ALIGN="LEFT">
Welcome to the <I> Atoms and Molecules at Surfaces </I> homepage.
Surface physics is a vibrant and pervasive area of modern research that plays a central role in the
development of nanometre (10<SUP>-9</SUP>m) scale science and technology.
This module covers the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of atoms and molecules
at surfaces from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Key topics include ultra high
vacuum technology (essential in the generation of atomically defined surfaces);
electron spectroscopies; synchrotron-based research and the use of scanning probe microscopes
to visualise and manipulate individual atoms and molecules.
<A HREF="C60_Si.htm">(What does the image to the left show?)</A>
<BR>
<BR>
Click on the areas in the banner at the top of the page to navigate around the
<I> Atoms and Molecules at Surfaces </I> web site.
(<SMALL> Note that at present (20/08/99) only <I> Home </I>, <I> 1. Introduction </I> and <I> 2. Structure </I> are linked to HTML documents (20/08/99) </SMALL>). The following items may be found on
this (home) page:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="overview.htm#Contact"> Contact Details</A>
<LI><A HREF="overview.htm#Aims"> Aims and Objectives </A>
<LI><A HREF="overview.htm#Teaching"> Teaching and Assessment</A>
<LI><A HREF="overview.htm#reading"> Reading List</A>
<LI><A HREF="overview.htm#outline"> Course Outline</A>
</UL>
<HR>
<BR>
<!-- Contact details -->
<A NAME="Contact"> <H2><B> Contact Details </B></H2></A>
<A HREF="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/staff/Moriarty_P.html"> Philip Moriarty </A>
<BR> School of Physics & Astronomy, Office: B125, Tel. (internal): 15156
<BR> E-mail: <a href="mailto:Philip.Moriarty@nottingham.ac.uk">Philip.Moriarty@nottingham.ac.uk</a><p>
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<!-- Aims and Objectives -->
<A NAME="Aims"> <H2><B> Aims and Objectives </B></H2></A>
This module aims to introduce students to the principal topics in modern surface physics,
both emphasising the role surfaces play in the general context of solid state physics and
demonstrating the importance of surfaces and interfaces in modern nanometre scale science.
<P>
On completion of this module students will :
<UL>
<LI> have gained a general understanding of the properties of surfaces and adsorbates at surfaces;
<LI> appreciate the technical difficulties inherent in examining surface - as opposed to bulk - properties and have an understanding of the physics underlying a broad range of surface processes, probes and techniques.;
<LI> be able to quantitatively solve simple problems on the structural/ electronic/ chemical properties of surfaces;
<LI> through directed library and WWW-based research, be able to write an "article" (a 2000 word essay) on a particular area of state-of-the-art surface or nanometre scale physics research;
</UL>
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<!-- Teaching and Assessment -->
<A NAME="Teaching"><H2><B> Teaching & Assessment </B></H2></A>
<B><I>Teaching</I></B><BR>
The <I> Atoms and Molecules at Surfaces </I> module is a new <I> School of Physics &
Astronomy </I> 3rd year option course, offered from Oct. 1999. The pre- and co-requisites may be found <A HREF="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzkab/aims.html" TARGET="_top"> here </A>.
I have adopted a somewhat different approach to that of the conventional lecture format in presenting the material in the module.
The course relies heavily on the <I> World Wide Web </I> (WWW) as a teaching resource. The lecture notes (which may be accessed by clicking on
Sections 1- 8 in the frame to the left) have been written so that in addition to explaining particular aspects of surface science, they provide hypertext links to a range of WWW sites.
Thus, a large amount of reference material from, for example, research groups across the world who are working in relevant areas
of surface science, is made available.
<P>
Given that the lecture notes are available on the web (and will also be handed out in printed form in the lectures), your time
during the lecture will not be spent copying down notes from the blackboard. You will be expected to spend ~ 1 hr before each lecture
reading over designated sections of the notes. Each section of the lecture notes includes a number of questions (generally "qualitative" questions
but some short quantitative questions are also included (both designed to enhance your understanding of a topic)) which you should think about and we will then discuss in
the lecture. It is hoped therefore that a large number of the lectures will be closer to "discussion groups" or tutorials rather than lecturer-driven presentation of the
course material.
<P>
Following a discussion of the questions in the lecture I will link the questions to their respective answers or a synopsis of our discussion. That is, before the lecture,
when you click on a question the browser will produce nothing (except an error message saying a file can't be found!). After the lecture pertaining to that question, on clicking on the question the answer will appear.
In addition to the questions in the lecture notes you will be expected to attempt other (generally more involved) <A HREF="problems.htm">problems</A>.
<P>
<B><I>Assessment</I></B><BR>
Assessment is via two methods. 25% of your final mark will be awarded for an <I>article</I> (a 2000 word essay) that you write
on a particular area of surface or nanometre-scale physics. The article should be written so that it may be understood by other
3<sup>rd</sup> year Physics students who have not taken the <I>Atoms and Molecules at Surfaces</I> module. It is my intention to use
some of the articles you write as a teaching resource for students who take this module in future years. I will therefore convert your articles to HTML
and provide links to them from the web page.
The other 75% of the assessment will be via a 1<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> hour written examination.
<BR> <A HREF="overview.htm#top"> Return to top of document </A>
<BR>
<HR>
<A NAME="reading"> <H2><B> Reading List </B></H2></A>
As discussed in <I> Teaching & Assessment </I> above, the lecture notes for the <I> Atoms & Molecules at Surfaces </I> module
are available via this web site and are linked to a number of web-based resources. Dr. Roger Nix (Queen Mary & Westfield College, (University of London)) has prepared an excellent on-line course entitled <A HREF="http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/surfaces/scc/"> <I> Introduction to Surface Chemistry </I></A>
which is at a level appropriate for this module. Dr John Venables' <A HREF="http://venables.asu.edu/grad/lectures.html"> <I> Surfaces and Thin Films </I> </A>course based at
Arizona State University is aimed at postgraduates and is thus a little too detailed in places for our purposes. However, the lecture notes Dr. Venables provides are <I> very </I> clearly written and
I have provided links to his course in quite a number of places.
<P>Links to other web-based courses and Surface Science resources are provided throughout the <I> Atoms and Molecules at Surfaces </I> HTML lecture notes. Please let me know if you find other
surface science-based web pages of interest as I can then provide a link to those sites.
<P>I should point out that a number of the diagrams I have used on the <I> Atoms & Molecules at Surfaces </I>
web site have been provided by <A HREF="http://www.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzstm/email.htm" TARGET="_top"> current and former postgraduate students </A> of the Nottingham Nanoscience group to whom I am very grateful!
<P>
I recommend the following textbooks for this course.
<P>
<B><I> Primary Reading </I></B>
<UL>
<LI> <I> Introduction to Surface Physics </I>, M. Prutton (Oxford Science Publications)
<LI> <I> Surfaces and Interfaces of Solid Materials </I>, H. Luth (Springer)
<LI> <I> Modern Techniques of Surface Science </I>, D. P. Woodruff and T. A. Delchar (Cambridge University Press)
<LI> <I> Physics at Surfaces </I>, A. Zangwill (Cambridge University Press)
</UL><P>
<B><I> Secondary Reading </I></B>
<UL>
<LI> <I> Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces </I>, W. Monch (Springer)
<LI> <I> Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis </I>, G. A. Samorjai (Wiley-Interscience)
<LI> <I> Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry </I>, G. Ertl and J. Kuppers (VCH)
</UL><P>
(Further texts to be added)<BR>
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<BR>
<HR>
<!-- Course outline -->
<A NAME="outline"> <H2><B> Course Outline </B></H2></A>
<SMALL><I> Click on a thumbnail image for a description </I> </SMALL>
<H3>
<OL>
<A HREF="C60onSi.htm"><img src="c60ag2b.gif" alt="C60 islands" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<LI> Introduction <BR><BR><BR>
<A HREF="AgSi111.htm"><img src="agroot3.gif" alt="Ag-terminated Si(111)" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<LI> Structure of Surfaces </H3></B>
<UL TYPE ="Disc">
<LI> Basic Surface Thermodynamics
<LI> Relaxation & Reconstruction
<LI> 2D Lattices
<LI> Reciprocal Space
<LI> Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)
</UL>
<BR>
<A HREF="UHV.htm"><img src="sec1.jpg" alt="UHV" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) Technology</H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> Why UHV?
<LI> UHV systems: pumps and chambers
<LI> Pressure measurement
<LI> Surface preparation in UHV
</UL>
<BR>
<A HREF="states.htm"><img src="state.gif" alt="Surface State" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Surface States </H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> Dangling bonds and hybridisation
<LI> Energy bands and gap states
<LI> Tight binding approximation
<LI> Local density approximation
<LI> Semiconductors and surface states: band bending
<LI> Photoelectron spectroscopy
</UL>
<BR>
<A HREF="adsorb.htm"><img src="ads.gif" alt="Adsorption" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Adsorption on Surfaces </H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> Physisorption
<LI> Chemisorption
<LI> Diffusion, epitaxy and growth
<LI> Molecular beam epitaxy
</UL>
<BR>
<a HREF="techniq.htm"><img src="tech.gif" alt="Techniques" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Techniques for Surface Analysis </H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> Chemical Analysis
<UL TYPE= "Circle">
<LI> X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
<LI> Auger Electron Spectroscopy
<LI> Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
</UL>
<LI> Structural Analysis
<UL TYPE = "Circle">
<LI> Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy
<LI> X-ray Standing Wave Spectroscopy
<LI> LEED and Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction
</UL>
<LI> Electronic and Vibrational Properties
<UL TYPE="Circle">
<LI> Photoelectron Spectroscopy
<LI> Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
<LI> Reflection Absorption Infra-Red Spectroscopy
</UL>
<LI> The Role of Synchrotrons in Surface Science
</UL>
<BR>
<A HREF="stmintro.htm"> <img src="stm.gif" alt="STM" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Scanning Probe Microscopy </H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy
<UL TYPE = "Circle" >
<LI> History
<LI> Principles
<LI> Design and Instrumentation
<LI> Imaging
<LI> Tunnelling Spectroscopy
</UL>
<LI> Atomic Force Microscopy
<UL TYPE = "Circle" >
<LI> Contact Mode
<LI> Non-contact Mode
<LI> Magnetic Force Microscopy
</UL>
</UL>
<BR>
<A HREF="nano.htm"> <img src="move.gif" alt="Manipulation" border="2" hspace="30" ALIGN="LEFT"></A>
<B><H3>
<LI> Surfaces and Nanoscience </H3></B>
<UL TYPE="Disc">
<LI> STM-based Surface Modification
<UL TYPE = "Circle" >
<LI> Atomic and Molecular Manipulation
</UL>
<LI> Self-Assembled Monolayers
<LI> Clusters at Surfaces
</UL>
</OL>
</H3>
<P>
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<ADDRESS>
Last Updated: 22 August 1999<BR>
© copyright 1999 Philip Moriarty <BR>
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