Critical illness and medical crises are a huge drain on our society. They consume a disproportionate part of medical budgets and are tremendously disruptive to patients and their families. Due to the unpredictable nature of these issues, the heterogeneity of patients and the time critical nature of events, recruitment to clinical studies is difficult, and the results disappointingly noisy and unhelpful. There has thus developed a pressing need for a novel method to answer questions of crucial importance to these most vulnerable of patients.
Research grants awarded in the last 9 years.
2023-2025. NIHR BRC Pump Priming Grant. Computational modelling for optimisation and personalisation of resuscitation during critical hypotension and cardiac arrest secondary to trauma. 2023-25. Dr Marianna Laviola; Prof Jonathan Hardman. £9,000
2022-2026. Joan Browne Legacy, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham. Investigation of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during apnoea in children using a computer simulation. Dr Marianna Laviola (PI); Prof Jonathan Hardman (CoI). PhD student awarded Dr Janan El Alouani. £73,000
2022.2024. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Nasal High Flow (NHF) for respiratory support, in silico research. Prof Jonathan Hardman, Prof Declan Bates (PIs); Dr Marianna Laviola, Dr Sina Saffaran (CoIs). £150,000
2022. Wellcome Trust Biomedical Vacation Scholarship. Simulation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategies in myocardial infarction and asphyxia using an integrated and high fidelity computational model. Dr Marianna Laviola (PI). Undergraduate student awarded Jordan Stocker-Palmer. £2,000.
2021. Animal Free Research UK. Simulation of myocardial infarction and hypovolemic shock using an integrated and high fidelity computational model. Dr Marianna Laviola (PI). Undergraduate student awarded Fiona Nhi Dang. £2,000
2020-2021. EPSRC via UKRI's COVID-19 call. Investigating Strategies for Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 via Computational Simulation of Virtual Patients. Prof Declan Bates (PI), Prof Jonathan Hardman (CoI), Dr Marianna Laviola (RCoI), Dr Anup Das (RCoI). £429,000.
2019-2022. National Centre for the 3Rs. Replacement of animal models of cardiac arrest and resuscitation strategies using computer simulation. Prof. Jonathan Hardman (PI), Dr Marianna Laviola (CoI). PhD student awarded Clara Daudre-Vignier. £90,000
2019-2022. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Investigating the evolution and application of Optiflow in managing obese patients in the perioperative period. Prof. Jonathan Hardman (PI), Dr Marianna Laviola (CoI). PhD student awarded Rebecca Valentine. £76,000.
2017-2021. EPSRC. Personalised Simulation Technologies for Optimising Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit: Realising Industrial and Medical Applications. Prof. Declan Bates (PI); Prof Jonathan Hardman (CoI), Dr Luigi Camporota (CoI), Dr Marianna Laviola (RCoI), Dr Anup Das (RCoI), Mr Barney Sanderson (RCoI). £880,000.
2018-2019. EPSRC Healthcare Technologies Network Plus Feasibility Study. Investigation of Closed-Loop Ventilation Strategies for Neonatal ICU Patients using Computational Simulation. Prof. Declan Bates (PI); Prof. Jonathan Hardman (CoI), Prof. Don Sharkey (CoI). £59,700
2016-2017. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Investigating the mechanism of Optiflow-induced gas exchange and potential optimisations using high-fidelity computational modelling. Prof Jonathan Hardman (PI), Dr Marianna Laviola (CoI). £115,000.
2015-2017. Bayer Healthcare. Development of a Computational Simulator. Commercial Research Contract. Prof. Declan Bates; Prof. Jonathan Hardman. £220,000.
S Mistry, TE Scott, B Jugg, R Perrott, S Saffaran, DG Bates. “An in-silico porcine model of phosgene-induced lung injury predicts clinically relevant benefits from application of continuous positive airway pressure up to 8 hours post exposure”, Toxicology Letters 2024; 391: 45-54
C. Daudre-Vignier, D.G. Bates, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman and M. Laviola. “Evaluating current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation using an integrated computational model of the cardiopulmonary system”, Resuscitation 2023; 186: p. 109758.
CS Barakat, K Sharafutdinov, J Busch, S Saffaran, DG Bates, JG Hardman, et al. “Developing an Artificial Intelligence-Based Representation of a Virtual Patient Model for Real-Time Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2098.
K Sharafutdinov, SJ Fritsch, M Iravani, PF Ghalati, S Saffaran, DG Bates. “Computational simulation of virtual patients reduces dataset bias and improves machine learning-based detection of ARDS from noisy heterogeneous ICU dataset”, IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology 2023.
R. Ellis, M. Laviola, D. Stolady, R.L. Valentine, A. Pillai, J.G. Hardman. “Comparison of apnoeic oxygen techniques in term pregnant subjects: a computational modelling study”, Response to Br J Anaesth 2022 129: 581–7. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130 (4), e429-e430.
R. Ellis, M. Laviola, D. Stolady, R.L. Valentine, A. Pillai, J. G. Hardman. A comparison of apnoeic oxygen techniques in term pregnant subjects: a computational modelling study. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129(4):581-587.
S Mistry, BS Brook, S Saffaran, M Chikhani, DM Hannon, JG Laffey. “A computational cardiopulmonary physiology simulator accurately predicts individual patient responses to changes in mechanical ventilator settings”, 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2022, pp. 3261-3264.
L Weaver, S Saffaran, M Chikhani, JG Laffey, TE Scott, L Camporota. “Why reduced inspiratory pressure could determine success of non-invasive ventilation in acute hypoxic respiratory failure”, 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2022, pp. 3265-3268.
S. Mistry, A. Das, S. Saffaran, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "Validation of at-the-bedside formulae for estimating ventilator driving pressure during airway pressure release ventilation using computer simulation", Respiratory Research, 23:101, 2022.
D. Hannon, S. Mistry, A. Das, S. Saffaran, J.G. Laffey, B.S. Brook, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Modeling mechanical ventilation in silico – potential and pitfalls", Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Special Issue on Mechancial Ventilation, DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0042-1744446, 2022.
L. Weaver, A. Das, S. Saffaran, N. Yehya, M. Chikhani, T.E. Scott, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, L. Camporota and D.G. Bates, "Optimising respiratory support for early COVID-19 pneumonia: a computational modelling study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 128(6):1052e1058, 2022.
L. Weaver, D.G. Bates and L. Camporota, "Positive end expiratory pressure in invasive and non-invasive ventilation of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome", Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Springer, 2022.
L. Weaver, A. Das, S. Saffaran, N. Yehya, M. Chikhani, T.E. Scott, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, L. Camporota and D.G. Bates, "Quantifying oxygenation benefit versus risk of lung injury in non-invasive respiratory support for COVID-19 pneumonia: a computational study", to appear in the British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022.
D. Hannon, S. Mistry, A. Das, S. Saffaran, J.G. Laffey, B.S. Brook, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Modeling mechanical ventilation in silico – potential and pitfalls", to appear in Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Special Issue on Mechanical Ventilation, 2022.
L. Weaver, D.G. Bates and L. Camporota, "Positive end expiratory pressure in invasive and non-invasive ventilation of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: computational modeling illuminates the data" to appear in Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Springer, 2022. Preprint
S. Mistry, A. Das, J.G. Hardman, D.G. Bates and T.E. Scott, "Application of pre-hospital continuous positive airway pressure in hypovolaemic shock: A modelling study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, Special Issue on Mass Casualty Events, 128(2):151:157, 2021.
C. Daudre-Vignier, M. Laviola, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman. “Identification of an optimal CPR chest compression protocol”, 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Mexico, 2021, pp. 5459-5462.
L. Weaver, A. Das, S. Saffaran, N. Yehya, T.E. Scott, M. Chikhani, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, L. Camporota and D.G. Bates, "High risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury in COVID-19 with frequently encountered spontaneous breathing patterns: a computational study", Annals of Intensive Care, 11:109, 2021
D. Stolady, M. Laviola, A. Pillai, J.G. Hardman. “Effect of variable pre-oxygenation endpoints on safe apnoea time using high flow nasal oxygen for women in labour: a modelling investigation”. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 126(4), 889-895, 2021.
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Ventilation strategies for front of neck airway rescue: an in silico study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2021.
A. Das, S. Saffaran, M. Chikhani, T.E. Scott, M. Laviola, N. Yehya, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, and D.G. Bates, "In silico modeling of COVID-19 ARDS: pathophysiological insights and potential management implications", Critical Care Explorations, 2020.
J. Laffey, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Supporting more than one patient with a single mechanical ventilator: useful last resort or unjustifiable risk?”, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2020.
A. Das, T.E. Scott, M. Haque, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Management of primary blast lung injury: A comparison of airway pressure release versus low tidal volume ventilation", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2020.
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "Utility of driving pressure and mechanical power to guide protective ventilator settings in two cohorts of adult and pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A computational investigation", Critical Care Medicine, 2020
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Airway Rescue and the Effect of Oxygen Fraction: A Computational Modelling Study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2020
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "High oxygen fraction during airway opening is key to effective airway rescue in obese subjects", in the proceedings of the 41st IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medical Conference, Berlin, 2019
M. Laviola, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Mathematical and Computational Modelling in Critical Illness". European Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases. 5(1), 2019
M. Haque, T.E. Scott, A. Das, I. Cliff, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman. "Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in casualties suffering from primary blast lung injury: A modelling study", in the proceedings of the 41st IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Conference, Berlin, 2019
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "High-fidelity Computational Simulation to Refine Strategies for Lung-Protective Ventilation in Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", Intensive Care Medicine, 2019
M. Laviola, A. Das, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G Hardman, "Computer simulation clarifies mechanisms of carbon dioxide clearance during apnoea", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019
A. Das, L. Camporota, J.G. Hardman, and D.G. Bates, "What links ventilator driving pressure with survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome? A computational study", Respiratory Research, 20:29, 2019
M. Haque, A. Das, T.E. Scott, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "The primary blast lung injury simulator: A new computerised model", Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corrps, DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000989, 2018
S. Saffaran, W. Wang, A. Das, W. Schmitt, J.G. Hardman, G. Weimann and D.G. Bates, "An inhaled sGC modulator can lower PH in COPD patients without deteriorating oxygenation", CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, 2018
M. Laviola, A. Das, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman "Investigating the effect of cardiac oscillations and deadspace gas mixing during apnea using computational simulation", in proceedings of the 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, JeJu Island, S. Korea, 2017
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G. Hardman, N.Yehya and D.G. Bates, "Development and Validation of a Computational Simulator for Pediatric ARDS Patients", in proceedings of the 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, JeJu Island, S. Korea, 2017
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, O. Cole, W. Wang, J.G Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Hemodynamic effects of lung recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome", BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 17:34, 2017
M. Chikhani, A. Das, M. Haque, W. Wang, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "High PEEP in ARDS evaluating the trade-off between improved oxygenation and decreased oxygen delivery", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 117 (5): 650--8, 2016
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Creating Virtual ARDS Patients", in proceedings of the 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Orlando, 2016
W. Wang, A Das, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Computational simulation indicates that moderately high frequency ventilation can allow safe reduction of tidal volumes and airway pressures in ARDS patients", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 3(1), 1-12, 2015
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, T. Ali, O. Cole, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Development of an Integrated Model of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology for the Evaluation of Mechanical Ventilation Strategies", in Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference, Milano, 2015
A. Das, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, T. Ali, M. Haque, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Evaluation of lung recruitment maneuvers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome using computer simulation", Critical Care, 19:8, doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0723-62014, 2015
W. Wang, A. Das, T. Ali, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, M. Haque, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2:23, 2014
A. Das, P.P. Menon, J. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Optimization of Ventilation Settings for Pulmonary Disease States", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 60(6):1599-607, 2013
A. Das, Z. Gao, P.P. Menon, J. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "A Systems Engineering approach to validation of a pulmonary physiology simulator for clinical applications", Journal of The Royal Society Interface, doi:10.1098/rsif.2010.0224, 2011