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Glossary
Aggression - feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront.
Attachment - strong emotional bond that develops between infant and carer.
Compliance - the act of obeying an order, rule, or request.
Emotional self-regulation - emotional self-regulation is the regulation and inhibition of emotions and emotional reactions.
Empathy - is the ability of the child to both understand what another person is feeling and to have an idea of the experience that is had. This is different to sympathy which is about caring and understanding but not including feeling.
Parenting styles - within psychology , there are four major recognised parenting styles: authoritative, neglectful, permissive, and authoritarian. Each one different characteristics and brings about different reactions in the children.
Self-awareness - is the ability to know and understand ones-self – having an understanding of what ones feelings are and how you are perceived by others.
Self-concept - is the belief you have about yourself, who you are. It is often dependent on what others think about you but is essentially about how you see your own strengths, status and weaknesses.
Self-esteem - describes one’s sense of self-worth – how much you value yourself, so it is how you see yourself and your value to the society you live in. Self-esteem can affect relationships – how much trust you place in another person and how much you trust their opinions about you.
Self-regulation - is the ability of the child to control what they do in terms of controlling their behaviour and responses within situations. It can also mean controlling ones-self in order to reach a goal or an ideal, eg. sticking to a diet in order to lose weight.
| Title/link | Description |
|---|---|
Books
| Berger, K. (2001) The Developing Person through the Lifespan. 5th ed. Worth Publishers: New York. |
| Berk, L. (2010) Development through the Lifespan. 5th ed. Pearson: Boston. |
| Boyd, D. and Bee, H. (2012) Lifespan Development. 6th ed. Pearson Education: New Jersey. |
| Boyd, D. and Bee, H. (2012) The Developing Child. 13th ed. Pearson: New Jersey. |
| Gross, R. (2015) Gross, R (2015). Psychology. The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 7th ed. Hodder Education: London. |
| Sheridan, M. (2008) From Birth to Five Years. Children’s Developmental Progress. 3rd ed. Routledge: New York |
Journals
Emotional development from two to five years old - Print summary
A child whose emotional development is progressing in a typical way is a child who has a clear sense of identity and self-worth and the ability to recognise and manage emotions, to learn, play, enjoy friendships and relationships, and deal with difficulties. t’s during the 2-5 year old age range that a child will move from an understanding that they are independent from others, through to an awareness of who they are, their preferences, and how they interact with the world. Children also develop an understanding of adult behaviours and roles, start role playing ‘mummies and daddies’ or ‘doctors and nurses’ and finally begin to understand themselves in relation to others.
Children experience ups and downs when they are trying to control their behaviours and manage their emotions and they will have limited ability to regulate feelings or associated actions at the age of 2-3. Tantrums are common in this age range. Consequently, they may show frustration physically such as hitting and pushing.
A wide range of factors play a role, such as individual personality, family parenting styles and the way the wider society values children and young people.
Learning outcomes
By completing this resource you will be able to:
- Describe normal emotional development in children aged 2-5 years old including a widening understanding of self and the development of emotional regulation.
Learning outcomes
By completing this resource you will be able to:
- Describe normal emotional development in children aged 2-5 years old including a widening understanding of self and the development of emotional regulation.
This resource was developed by:
Name: Mary Y Brown
Role in Project: Content Author
Qualifications: MMSci Ed, PGCertPT, BSc (Hons), RNCB, RNT.
Previous experience: Mary is an Assistant Professor with the School of Health Sciences teaching communication skills, innovation and recognising culture and diversity through experiential learning. She is a Registered Nurse Child Branch with a specialty in Paediatric Oncology and supporting children with complex needs and their families.
Name: Louise Clarke
Role in Project: Content Author
Qualifications: PGCHE, BSc (Hons) Psychology and Sociology, Diploma in Nursing, RN Child, FHEA.
Previous experience: Louise's clinical career involved a variety of medical and surgical settings and a specialisation in paediatric plastics and cleft lip and palate care. She is currently employed as a Child Health Lecturer at the University of Nottingham involved in teaching communication, interpersonal and leadership skills alongside facilitating the development of clinical practical skills in undergraduate children's nurses.
Name: Carol Hall
Role in Project: Content Author
Qualifications: PhD, RSCN, RGN, RNT, PFHEA.
Previous experience: Carol is an experienced nurse teacher and children's nurse, who worked across a range of children's acute healthcare settings before becoming a ward manager on a teenage care ward for young people with both physical and mental health concerns. Carol is currently an Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Education within the School of Health Sciences at the University of Nottingham.
Name: Liz Hilton
Role in Project: Technical Developer
Qualifications: BA (Hons) Graphic Design, BSc (Hons) Biology,
Previous experience: Liz has a wide background in design and E-learning in a wide range of sectors, including industry, the NHS and academic.
Name: Laura Holliday
Role in Project: Content Author
Qualifications: MNursSci, RN Child.
Previous experience: Laura's clinical experience includes children's cardiology, medicine and respiratory. She has previously led a hospital wide preceptorship programme, working within a practice development team. She is currently employed as a Teaching Associate in Child Health at the University of Nottingham.
Name: Lydia Jones
Role in Project: Technical Support and audio manager
Qualifications: BA (Hons) Media Production.
Previous experience: Lydia has worked in the HELM team at the University of Nottingham for 7 years and is currently the e-learning and project development officer. She has many years' experience in project management and audio and video production.
Name: Gill Langmack
Role in Project: Lead Content Author
Qualifications: MSc, PGCHE, BSc (Hons) Nursing, RSCN, RGN, FHEA.
Previous experience: As an experienced Children's Nurse and educator, Gill has extensive experience of nursing children and their families in both acute and critical care areas. Gill is currently lecturing as an Assistant Professor within the University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences.
Name: Helen Laverty
Role in Project: Principal Content Reviewer
Qualifications: MSc. (Human Development), Cert Ed (FE), RNLD, SFHEA
Previous experience: Helen is an Assistant Professor with the School of Health Sciences & Professional Lead for learning Disability Nursing. Her teaching specialities relate to the concept of ordinariness, human development, and person centred philosophies. She has extensive experience in the development of RLOs. She is a Registered Nurse Learning Disabilities specialising in promoting an ordinary life for children and young people and leadership.
Name: Andrew Lee
Role in Project: Technical Developer
Qualifications: BSc (Hons) Economics.
Previous experience: Andrew has 5 years web development experience working with small businesses, consultancy and app. creation. Twelve years game design experience as senior designer and design lead with oversight of design scripting, level design, scheduling and game mechanics.
Name: Liz Maslen
Role in Project: Project Lead (NCC)
Qualifications: BSc (Hons) Psychology, CMI PGDip.
Previous experience: Liz currently works as the Children's Workforce Development Manager at Nottinghamshire County Council. She has 17 years' experience within the childcare sector, and during this time has worked within voluntary, statutory and private organisations. She has also been involved with the management and delivery of regional and national training programmes aimed at multi-agency frontline practitioners and parent groups.
Name: Roz McCormick
Role in Project: Content Initiator
Qualifications: BA (Hons)
Previous experience: Roz is a qualified probation officer. She has worked in education, criminal justice and training since 1995, and has initiated, developed and delivered a variety of developmental projects with the intention of enabling professionals to work in partnership with service users. She initiated contact with University of Nottingham in pursuit of a rock solid knowledge base upon which to create a robust child development learning platform.
Name: Sally Melling
Role in Project: Content Author
Qualifications: EdD, MPhil, BA (Hons) Nursing, RN (Adult), RN Child, RNT
Previous experience: Sally is an Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham. She has over 30 years' experience as a children's nurse and educator. She is currently the Professional Lead for children's nursing.
Name: Elisabeth O'Brien
Role in Project: Lead Content Author
Qualifications: MEd, PGCHE, BSc (Hons), RGN, RHV, Obs Cert, FHEA.
Previous experience: Elisabeth worked in neonatal intensive care and a Bone Marrow Transplant unit . After working as Health Visitor in the U.K and abroad she joined the Child Health Team at the University of Nottingham.
Name: Cherry Poussa
Role in Project: Technical team manager
Qualifications: MSc, BSc.
Previous experience: Cherry is Head of Digital Learning Support Services in the School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham with responsibility for IT systems, e-learning and online services and managing the integration of technical platforms to support the processes within these areas. She plays a key part in implementing the HELM strategy and supporting the technical and budgetary aspects of e-learning and digital media research projects.
Name: Mike Taylor
Role in Project: Technical Lead
Qualifications: MSc in Information Technology, PGC in Multi-Media design, BA (Hons) Media and cultural studies.
Previous experience: Mike has worked as a learning technologist for over 10 years at the University of Nottingham. He is currently the Project Development Lead for the HELM team and is working on the development of reusable learning objects (RLOs) both for the school of health sciences and for external projects.
Name: Richard Warr
Role in Project: Technical Implementer
Qualifications: MCIPD.
Previous experience: Originally an Optician, Richard moved into training, initially clinical support and then as a professional examiner. Over the next 25 years he became CIPD qualified and a member of the British Psychological Society. He has supported learners in: personal development, leadership and management, psychometric profiling, customer service and bespoke systems training amongst others. Over the last 4 years Richard has focussed on eLearning design and learning systems management within Nottinghamshire County Council.
Name: Richard Windle
Role in Project: Project Lead and Instructional Designer
Qualifications: PhD, PGCAP, BSc (Hon), PFHEA
Previous experience: Richard is an Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham. He is currently co-academic lead for the HELM team. As well as leading online curriculum development, his research and development interests include open multimedia learning content pedagogy and reuse, stakeholder involvement in content development and student generated content.
With thanks to the following who reviewed the content of the resources:
University of Nottingham Nursing students (Child field):
Ryan Clarke, Clare Cribdon, Aoife Fehilly, Rosanna Jones, Ruth Jones, Kelly Parker, Simone Portman and Molly Wright
University of Nottingham Lecturers in Health Sciences:
Paula Dawson, Damion McCormick, Alexandra Lewandowska-Smith and Heather Wharrad
Nottingham County Council Family Workers:
Helen Bingley, Susan Bird, Debbie Jesson, Meena Sharma, Dina Vitelli and Sharon Warman
With Thanks to:
The young people their families and colleagues who have provided audio and visual resources.
James Henderson, Thomas Stackpoole and Stathis Konstantinidis who provided additional audio narration for these resources.
Kirstie Coolin, Simon Riley and Nicholas Whiting for additional technical support.
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