5. Being born at above average weight for gestational age as a risk factor for becoming an overweight child.

Definitions of high birth weight (macrosomia), vary but generally accepted to be around 4kgs (94th centile for girls and 90th centile for boys).

In developed countries the number of babies born large for gestational age has increased by 25% over the past 20 years.

Babies born large for gestational age are 2 to 3 times more likely to be overweight or obese when they reach school (at 4 to 7 years).

High birth weight is associated with maternal obesity, high pregnancy weight gain and maternal gestational diabetes.

Babies who are born large for gestational age have a higher proportion of body fat and may have higher levels of leptin in the blood which can lead to leptin resistance resulting in a decrease in the sensation of feeling full after eating.

This may lead to babies consuming excess calories and early weaning.